Typically called "data modeling"
Heritage: philosophy, linguistics, systems analysis
Scope: multiple document types that form "information supply chains"
Reuse focus: identify the overlapping content in transformationally-related document types or in "base" and "extended" document components
Prescriptive approach – design schemas to optimize processing in some information system
Formal techniques (e.g., schema normalization)
Typical textbook: Carlis and Maguire. Mastering Data Modeling. (2001).